The 1861 Confederate Half Dollar stands as one of the most elusive and historically significant coins in American numismatics. With only four known specimens in existence, this coin offers a rare glimpse into the early days of the Civil War and the Confederate States of America (CSA).
Historical Background
In early 1861, as tensions escalated between the North and South, the Confederate States seized control of the U.S. Mint in New Orleans. Under the direction of Chief Coiner Benjamin Franklin Taylor, the CSA initiated the production of its own coinage.
A new reverse die was engraved by A.H.M. Peterson, a printing plate engraver, to replace the standard Union designs. However, due to a shortage of silver planchets, only four half dollars were struck before production ceased.
Design and Features
The 1861 Confederate Half Dollar features:
- Obverse: The standard U.S. Seated Liberty design, with a small die crack running diagonally from Liberty’s nose to the denticles.
- Reverse: A unique Confederate design, showcasing a shield with seven stars, a ribbon, and a beehive, symbolizing the Confederacy’s sovereignty.
These coins were struck using a hand press, resulting in a high-relief design that is characteristic of the original pieces.
Known Specimens
The four known specimens of the 1861 Confederate Half Dollar are:
- Dr. E. Ames Specimen: Held by Dr. E. Ames of New Orleans and later sold at auction for $960,000 in 2017.
- Professor J.L. Riddell Specimen: Once owned by Professor J.L. Riddell of the University of Louisiana.
- Benjamin Franklin Taylor Specimen: Kept by Chief Coiner B.F. Taylor, the die and coin were discovered in 1879.
- Jefferson Davis Specimen: Allegedly given to President Jefferson Davis; however, its authenticity is debated.
Rarity and Value
Due to their limited mintage and historical significance, these coins are among the most valuable in American numismatics. The Dr. E. Ames specimen’s sale for $960,000 underscores their rarity and desirability among collectors.
1861 Confederate Half Dollar Specimens
| Specimen | Current Location | Notable History |
|---|---|---|
| Dr. E. Ames | Private | Sold for $960,000 in 2017 |
| Professor J.L. Riddell | Private | Formerly owned by a Louisiana professor |
| Benjamin Franklin Taylor | Private | Coin and die discovered in 1879 |
| Jefferson Davis | Unknown | Allegedly owned by Confederate President Davis |
Identifying an Original Confederate Half Dollar
To authenticate an original 1861 Confederate Half Dollar:
- Examine the Obverse: Look for the distinctive die crack from Liberty’s nose to the denticles.
- Inspect the Reverse: Verify the unique Confederate design elements.
- Check the Edge: Original coins have a reeded edge, while restrikes may differ.
The 1861 Confederate Half Dollar is a testament to the Confederacy’s brief foray into coinage during the Civil War. Its rarity and historical context make it a coveted piece for collectors and historians alike. Owning or identifying such a coin connects one to a pivotal moment in American history.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How many 1861 Confederate Half Dollars exist?
Only four original specimens are known to exist.
2. Where can I find an 1861 Confederate Half Dollar?
These coins are typically held in private collections and occasionally appear at high-end numismatic auctions.
3. What is the value of an 1861 Confederate Half Dollar?
Values vary based on condition and provenance, with recent sales reaching up to $960,000.
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